Τα υποβρύχια αεροπλανοφόρα που χρησιμοποίησε η Ιαπωνία στον Β Παγκόσμιο πόλεμο.
Τετάρτη 18 Μαρτίου 2009
Σύρος
http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82
Η Σύρος είναι νησί των Κυκλάδων και πρωτεύουσα του ομώνυμου Νομού και της Περιφέρειας Νότιου Αιγαίου. Πρωτεύουσά της είναι η Ερμούπολη. Η Σύρος αναπτύχθηκε ιδιαίτερα μετά το 1826, όταν εγκαταστάθηκαν πρόσφυγες από τα Ψαρά και τη Χίο. Υπήρξε ναυτικό, βιομηχανικό και πολιτιστικό κέντρο του νέου ελληνικού κράτους.
A-10 Thunderbolt
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-10_Thunderbolt_II
Criticism that the U.S. Air Force did not take close air support seriously prompted a few service members to seek a specialized attack aircraft.[5] In the Vietnam War, large numbers of ground-attack aircraft were shot down by small arms, surface-to-air missiles, and low-level anti-aircraft gunfire, prompting the development of an aircraft better able to survive such weapons. In addition, the UH-1 Iroquois and AH-1 Cobra helicopters of the day, which USAF commanders had said should handle close air support, were ill-suited for use against armor, carrying only anti-personnel machine guns and unguided rockets meant for soft targets. The F-4 Phantom II was pressed into close air support, but usually in emergencies, as its high cruising speed and fuel consumption hindered its ability to loiter. The lack of a gun on most F-4 variants, coupled with the relative ineffectiveness of the standard 20 mm round on M61 Vulcan-equipped F-4Es against hard targets, made strafing runs either impossible or ineffective.
[edit] A-X
On 6 March 1967, the U.S. Air Force released a Request for Information to 21 defense contractors. Their objective was to create a design study for a low-cost attack aircraft designated A-X, or "Attack Experimental". The officer in charge of the project was Colonel Avery Kay.[5] In 1969, the Secretary of the Air Force asked Pierre Sprey to write the detailed specifications for the proposed A-X project. However, his initial involvement was kept secret due to Sprey's earlier controversial involvement in the F-X project.[5] Sprey's discussions with A-1 Skyraider pilots operating in Vietnam and analysis of the effectiveness of current aircraft used in the role indicated the ideal aircraft should have long loiter time, low-speed maneuverability, massive cannon firepower, and extreme survivability;[5] an aircraft that had the best elements of the Ilyushin Il-2, Henschel Hs 129 and A-1 Skyraider. The specifications also demanded that the aircraft cost less than $3 million.[5] In May 1970, the USAF issued a modified, and much more detailed request for proposals, as the threat of Soviet armored forces and all-weather attack operations became more serious. Six companies submitted proposals to the USAF, with Northrop and Fairchild Republic selected to build prototypes: the YA-9A and YA-10A, respectively.
The YA-10A first flew on 10 May 1972. After trials and a fly-off against the YA-9A, the Air Force selected Fairchild-Republic's YA-10A on 10 January 1973 for production. There was an additional fly-off against the Ling-Temco-Vought A-7D Corsair II, the principal Air Force attack aircraft at the time, in order to prove the need to purchase a new attack aircraft. The first production A-10 flew in October 1975, and deliveries to the Air Force commenced in March 1976 to units at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona. The first squadron to use the A-10 went operational in October 1977. In total, 715 airplanes were produced, the last delivered in 1984.[6]
One experimental two-seat A-10 Night Adverse Weather (N/AW) version was built by converting an A-10A.[7] The Night Adverse Weather (N/AW) aircraft was developed by Fairchild from the first Demonstration Testing and Evaluation (DT&E) A-10 for consideration by the USAF. It included a second seat for a weapons system officer responsible for ECM, navigation and target acquisition. The variant was canceled and the only two-seat A-10 built now sits at Edwards Air Force Base awaiting a spot in the Flight Test Historical Foundation museum.[8] The proposed two-seat A-10 trainer aircraft did not go into production, as it was felt that the A-10 was simple enough to fly that a trainer version would not be required.
The decision to make the 30 mm GAU-8 gun the main anti-tank weapon of the A-10 was influenced by Vietnam era A-1 pilots and by Hans-Ulrich Rudel and his book, "Trotzdem" (Released in the U.S. as a substantially edited version under the name "Stuka Pilot"). In World War II, Rudel flew the Ju 87G Stuka for the Luftwaffe and destroyed many Soviet tanks using its two underwing Bordkanone BK 3.7 37 mm caliber anti-tank autocannon. His book was required reading for members on the A-X project. The Ju 87G was an outmoded airframe with improvised anti-tank weapons attached, yet still inflicted significant casualties on Soviet tank forces.
[edit] Upgrades
The A-10 has received many upgrades over the years. Aircraft were upgraded with inertial navigation and a Pave Penny laser sensor (marked target seeker) pod that allowed the pilot to detect laser energy for PID (Positive Identification) of an illuminated target. The Pave Penny is a passive seeker and cannot self-designate a target for a Laser Guided Bomb (LGB). Later, the Low-Altitude Safety and Targeting Enhancement (LASTE) upgrade provided computerized weapon-aiming equipment, an autopilot, and ground-collision warning system. The A-10 is now compatible with night vision goggles for low-light operation. In 1999, aircraft began to receive Global Positioning System navigation systems, and in 2005 began getting its LASTE system upgraded with the Integrated Flight & Fire Control Computers (IFFCC).
The A-10 is scheduled to stay in service with the USAF until 2028.[9] In 2005, the entire A-10 fleet also began receiving upgrades that would result in redesignation to the "C" model that will include improved fire control system (FCS), electronic countermeasures (ECM), and the ability to carry smart bombs. The A-10 will be part of a service life extension program (SLEP) with many receiving new wings.[9] A contract to build 242 new A-10 wing sets was awarded to Boeing on 29 June 2007.[10] Modifications to provide precision weapons capability are well underway. The Air Force Material Command's Ogden Air Logistics Center at Hill AFB, Utah completed work on its 100th A-10 precision engagement upgrade in January 2008.[11] The C model upgrades are to be completed in 2011.[12]
[edit] Design
The A-10 has superior maneuverability at low speeds and altitude, thanks to straight, wide wings with downturned "droop" wing tips. These also allow short takeoffs and landings, permitting operations from rugged, forward airfields near front lines. The aircraft can loiter for extended periods of time and operate under 1,000 feet (300 m) ceilings with 1.5-mile (2.4 km) visibility. It typically flies at a relatively slow speed of 300 knots (345 mph or 555 km/h), which makes it a much better platform for the ground-attack role than fast fighter-bombers, which often have difficulty targeting small and slow-moving targets.
A-7 Corsair
http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-7_Corsair_II
Το A-7 Corsair II είναι αμερικάνικης κατασκευής, μονοθέσιο, μονοκινητήριο, μαχητικό αεροσκάφος κρούσης μεγάλης εμβέλειας. Η Αμερικανική πολεμική αεροπορία χρησιμοποίησε ευρέως το Α-7 στον πόλεμο του Βιετνάμ, στις επιχειρήσεις στην Λιβύη, το 1983 στην Αμερικάνικη επέμβαση στην Γρενάδα, το 1989 στον Παναμά και το 1991 στη «Καταιγίδα της Ερήμου» όπου το αεροπλάνο διέπρεψε. Το Α-7 ήταν ένα πρωτοπόρο για την εποχή του αεροπλάνο, με πολύ προηγμένα συστήματα μάχης και ναυσιπλοΐας, τα οποία απουσίαζαν ακόμα και από τα καλύτερα καταδιωκτικά της εποχής.
Το A-7 πέταξε την πρώτη επιχειρησιακή αποστολή του το 1966 και παρέμεινε εν υπηρεσία με τον κύριο χρήστη τους, το Αμερικανικό Πολεμικό Ναυτικό, μέχρι τον Μάιο του 1991, ενώ σήμερα μόνο η Ελληνική Πολεμική Αεροπορία χρησιμοποιεί τακτικά τον τύπο. Άλλες δύο χώρες, η Πορτογαλία και η Ταϊλάνδη ήταν χρήστες του, όμως η Πορτογαλία απέσυρε τα αεροσκάφη της το 1999, ενώ τα Ταϊλανδικά A-7 παραμένουν επιχειρησιακά μόνο σε περίπτωση ιδιαίτερα έκτακτης ανάγκης. Η δε παραγωγή του αεροσκάφους σταμάτησε το 1984 και 1570 αεροσκάφη κατασκευάστηκαν συνολικά.
Ελλάδα
Η χουντική κυβέρνηση της Ελλάδος, μέσα στο γενικό πρόγραμμα αναβάθμισης της Πολεμικής Αεροπορίας παρήγγειλε 60 A-7Ε, τα οποία όμως δεν είχαν την δυνατότητα FLIR και πραγματοποίησης εναέριου ανεφοδιασμού («φιλικού ανεφοδιασμού»). Τα υπομοντέλα αυτά ονομάστηκαν A-7H και η σύμβαση για την απόκτησή τους υπεγράφη τον Ιούνιο του 1974. Ένα χρόνο μετά, τα πρώτα αεροσκάφη έφτασαν στα αεροδρόμια της Λάρισας και της Σούδας και τέθηκαν στην διάθεση των ιπτάμενων. Μοιράστηκαν μεταξύ των Μοιρών 347 «Περσέας» (110 ΠΜ), 340 «Αλεπού» και 345 «Λαίλαψ» (αμφότερες της 115 Πτέρυγας Μάχης).
Επιπλέον, το 1980 πραγματοποιήθηκε επιπλέον αγορά 5 διθέσιων εκπαιδευτικών TA-7H. Ταυτόχρονα, ένα από τα Α-7Η μετατράπηκε σε ΤΑ-7Η. Τέλος, ο στόλος Α-7 της Πολεμικής Αεροπορίας αυξήθηκε, και οι δυνατότητές του αναβαθμίστηκαν με την προσθήκη 62 A-7E και ΤΑ-7C, πλήρως εξοπλισμένων από πλευράς συστημάτων, από τα αποθέματα της Αεροπορίας του Αμερικανικού Ναυτικού το 1992. Με την παραλαβή αυτών, τα Corsair μεταφέρονται στην 116 ΠΜ και πιο συγκεκριμένα στις 335 Μοίρα Βομβαρδισμού («Τίγρης») και 336 Μοίρα Βομβαρδισμού («Όλυμπος»).
Το αεροπλάνο χρησιμοποιήθηκε ως καμβάς για δύο επετειακά αεροσκάφη των προαναφερθέντων μοιρών. Συγκεκριμένα, η 335 Μοίρα έβαψε το 2005 ένα από τα αεροσκάφη της στα χρώματα και τις χαρακτηριστικές ραβδώσεις μιας Τίγρης, και η 336 Μοίρα ένα ολόμαυρο, με καλλιτεχνικές απεικονίσεις του Όλυμπου και ενός κουρσάρου. Αξιοσημείωτο είναι ότι το αεροσκάφος της 335 ΜΒ είναι ένα από τα Α-7Ε που αποκτήθηκαν από το ΑΠΝ και πρόκειται περί βετεράνου του πολέμου του Βιετνάμ.
Τα A-7 προορίζονται για απόσυρση από τον στόλο της ΠΑ στις αρχές της δεκαετίας του 2010.
Kronos
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronus
Cronus or Kronos, (Ancient Greek Κρόνος, Krónos), was the leader and the youngest of the first generation of Titans, divine descendants of Gaia, the earth, and Ouranos, the sky. He overthrew his father and ruled during the mythological Golden Age, until he was overthrown by his own sons, Zeus, Hades, and Poseidon, and imprisoned in Tartarus [1] or sent to rule the paradise of the Elysian Fields.[2]
As a result of his association and virtuous Golden Age, Cronus was worshipped as a harvest deity, overseeing crops such as grains, nature and agriculture. He was usually depicted with a sickle, which he used to harvest crops and which was also the weapon he used to castrate and depose Ouranos. In Athens, on the twelfth day of every month (Hekatombaion), a festival called Kronia was held in honor of Cronus to celebrate the harvest. Cronus was also identified in classical antiquity with the Roman deity Saturn.
The etymology of the name is obscure. It may be related to "horned", suggesting a possible connection with the ancient Indian demon Kroni or the Levantine deity El. In the Alexandrian and Renaissance periods there was some confusion with the word χρόνος, Chronos, meaning time.
Command and Conquer
http://cnc.wikia.com/wiki/Kanehttp://cnc.wikia.com/wiki/Brotherhood_of_Nod
Στο CnC εμφανίζονται ώς νέα πηγή ενεργειας οι κρύσταλλοι που βρήκε ο Κάην
στην Ιταλία http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiberium
Tiberium is a fictional substance that is central to the plot of much of the Command & Conquer series of real-time strategy video games. Within each C&C title set in the Tiberium story arc (Command & Conquer Tiberian Dawn, Tiberian Sun and Tiberium Wars), the Tiberium crystals represent both the tools and spoils of war and are used by players to purchase new units and buildings, with each of the series' factions either directly or indirectly battling for control over the crystals. Tiberium has extra-terrestrial origins and comes in a variety of forms, mostly the common green crystal, but also in the form of more rare blue crystals and in the form of "veins". It does not naturally exist in a liquid state, but can be artificially made to exist that way in Tiberium Wars.
Tiberium is presented as a double-edged sword within the context of the story arc of the respective video games. While it is the greatest mineral resource ever encountered, conveniently gathering many potent elements into an easily harvestable form, it also brings with it considerable hazards: areas rich with the rapidly spreading Tiberium substance are eventually exhausted of their native ecosystems, and become too toxic to support normal carbon-based life. In the context of the gameplay, Tiberium can also be seen this way with its obvious tactical advantage as a resource, and its destructive effect on infantry, sometimes transmuting them into Visceroids.
Tiberium can be thought of as, in effect, a commodity, with everything that one builds in the game costing Tiberium-based credits. It can appear anywhere on Earth, but spreads much more slowly in areas of extreme cold climate. In Tiberian Dawn and Tiberian Sun, it will spread very slowly in-game but primarily comes from special Tiberium-generating Blossom Trees, infested trees that release Tiberium spores into the air; in Tiberium Wars, these trees are replaced by Tiberium Fissures in the Earth's crust, and Tiberium will not spread outside a certain radius of these fissures. Either way, it is harvested by vehicles called harvesters. As a currency, Tiberium is collected to build structures and to train units.The substance is named as such because it was first discovered near the river Tiber in Italy. Kane, who claims it was in fact the Brotherhood who first discovered Tiberium, states that he himself named it after Tiberius Drusus Julius Caesar
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vN2zeRbu0x4
red alert soviet ending
Prodigy
The Prodigy are a British electronic music group formed by Liam Howlett in 1990, in Braintree, Essex, England. Along with Fatboy Slim, The Chemical Brothers and The Crystal Method, as well as other acts they are pioneers of the big beat electronic dance genre which achieved mainstream popularity in the 1990s, and are known for high-quality live sets. They have sold over 16 million records worldwide which is unequalled in dance music history.[1]
Their music consists of various styles ranging from rave, hardcore, industrial and breakbeat in the early 1990s to alternative rock, big beat and nu skool breaks with punk vocal elements in later times. The current band members include Liam Howlett (composer/keyboards), Keith Flint (dancer/vocalist) and Maxim (MC/vocalist). Leeroy Thornhill (dancer/very occasional live keyboards) was a member of the band from 1990 to 2000, as was a female dancer/vocalist called Sharky who left the band during their early period. The Prodigy first emerged on the underground rave scene in the early 1990s, and have since then achieved immense popularity and worldwide renown. Some of their most popular songs include "Charly", "Out of Space", "No Good (Start the Dance)", "Voodoo People", "Firestarter", "Breathe" and "Smack My Bitch Up".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Prodigy
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